Introduction

● Python Intro

✦What is python

✦Why python

✦History of python

✦Uses of Python

✦Python jobs

✦Python vs Java

✦Python vs C++

✦Python vs R

✦Install and Setup

Python Basics

● Basics overview

✦Python - Hello world!

✦Identifiers in python

✦Python Indentation

✦Python Statements

✦Python keywords

● Python Variables

✦Variables Intro

✦Naming variable

✦Global variable

✦Multi assignments

● Datatypes

✦Python datatypes

✦Python int

✦Python float

✦Complex datatype

✦Python String

✦Python List

✦Python Tuple

✦Range datatype

✦Python Dictionary

✦Python Set

✦Python Boolean

✦Python Bytes

✦Python Bytearray

● Python Operators

✦Operators in python

✦Arithmetic operators

✦Assignment operators

✦Comparison operators

✦Logical operators

✦Identity operators

✦Membership operators

✦Bitwise operators

✦Operators precedence

● Python Type Casting

✦Typecasting in python

✦Explicit Typecasting

✦Implicit typecasting

● Input and Output

✦Python Input

✦Python output

● Python comments

✦Comments in python

Control Statements

● Python if else

✦if statement

✦if else

✦elif

✦Nested if

● For loops

✦for

✦for loop examples

● For-else Loop

✦for-else

✦for-else example

● While loop

✦while

✦while examples

● While-else

✦while-else

● Break

✦break

● Continue

✦Continue statement

● Pass

✦Pass

Strings

● String

✦Python strings

✦Slicing strings

✦String concatenation

✦Strings special chars

✦Strings methods

Lists

● Lists

✦Python Lists

✦Access Lists

✦Modify Lists

✦Adding List items

✦Removing List items

✦Looping List items

✦Sorting List items

✦Joining List items

✦List methods

Tuples

● Tuples

✦Python tuples

✦Access tuples

✦Modify tuples

✦Unpack tuples

✦Loop tuples

✦Join tuples

✦Tuple methods

Sets

● Sets

✦Python sets

✦Access Set

✦Adding set items

✦Removing set items

✦Looping set items

✦Joining set items

✦Set Methods

Dictionary

● Dictionary

✦Python dictionary

✦Access dictionary

✦Add dictionary items

✦Remove dictionary items

✦Loop dictionary items

✦Dictionary methods

Arrays

● Python Array

✦Array Intro

✦Access Array Items

✦Add Array Items

✦Remove Array Items

✦Loop Arrays

✦Copy Arrays

✦Reverse Arrays

✦Sort Arrays

✦Join Arrays

✦Array Methods

Functions

● Python Functions

✦Introduction

✦def Keyword

✦Defining a Function

✦Assign Function to a Variable

✦Function call stack

✦Arguments by value and reference

✦Scope of Variables

✦Global and Local Variables

✦Global keyword

✦builtin and user defined

✦Lambda Functions

✦parameters

✦keyword arguments

✦position arguments

✦default arguments

✦arbitary

✦Passing function as an argument

✦Return Statements

✦Returning Multiple datatypes

✦Returning a function from a function

✦Recursion

✦inner functions

✦*args and **kwargs

✦Concept of decorators

✦Built-in decorators (@staticmethod, @classmethod)

✦Creating custom decorators

OOPS

● Python Class

✦OOPS Introduction

✦self in Python class

✦attributes

✦Removed

✦Dynamic Attributes

✦Create a Python Subclass

✦Inner Class in Python

✦Creating Instance Objects

✦Class Variables

✦Class Methods

✦Static Methods

✦Constructors

✦Instance Methods

✦MetaClasses

● Inheritance

✦Python Inheritance

✦Removed

✦Inheritance & Constructors

✦Types of inheritance

✦removed topic

✦Method Overriding

✦Operator Overloading

✦Python super()

✦Multiple Inheritance

✦Hybrid Inheritance

✦Removed1

● Polymorphism

✦Polymorphism

✦emoved22

✦Method Overloading

✦Overriding

✦removed233

● Abstraction

✦Abstraction

✦Data Abstraction

✦Abstract Classes

✦removed111

● Encapsulation

✦Encapsulation

✦Access Modifiers

✦Private Variables

✦Private Methods

✦Protected variable

✦Property decorators

Exception Handling

● Python Exceptions

✦Syntax Errors

✦What is Exception?

✦Exceptions Handling

✦The try-except Block

✦The try-finally Block

✦Exception with Arguments

✦Raising Exceptions

✦Exception Chaining

✦Nested try Block

✦User-Defined Exceptions

● Python Logging

✦Logging

✦Logging Levels

✦Logging Configuration

✦Variable Data in Logging Message

✦Assertions

✦The assert Statement

✦Built-in Exceptions

File Handling

● Python File Handling

✦Python File Handling

✦File Handling

✦Write to File

✦Read Files

✦Renaming and Deleting Files

✦Directories

✦File Methods

✦OS File/Directory Methods

✦OS Path Methods

Multithreading

● Python Multithreading

✦About Multithreading

✦Multithreading

✦Thread Life cycle

✦The _thread Module

✦The threading Module

✦Creating a Thread

✦Starting a Thread

✦Joining the Threads

✦Naming the Threads

✦The daemon Property

✦Thread Scheduling

✦Thread Pools

✦What is a Thread Pool?

✦The Future Class

✦The ThreadPoolExecutor Class

✦Main Thread

✦Thread Priority

✦Daemon Threads

✦Synchronizing Threads

Synchronization

● Python Synchronization

✦About Synchronization

✦Inter-Thread Communication

✦The Event Object

✦The Condition Object

✦Thread Deadlock

✦The Lock Object

✦The Semaphore Object

✦Interrupting a Thread

Networking

● Python Networking

✦About Networking

✦Network Programming

✦Socket Programming

✦What are Sockets?

✦The socket Module

✦Server Socket Methods

✦Client Socket Methods

✦Socket Server

✦Socket Client

✦File Transfer with Socket Module

✦The socketserver Module

✦URL Processing

✦The urllib.parse Module

✦The urllib.request Module

✦The Request Object

✦The urllib.error Module

✦Generics

Inbuilt Functions

● Python Function

✦abs()

✦aiter()

✦all()

✦anext()

✦any()

✦ascii()

✦bin()

✦bool()

✦breakpoint()

✦bytearray()

✦bytes()

✦callable()

✦chr()

✦classmethod()

✦compile()

✦complex()

✦delattr()

✦dict()

✦dir()

✦divmod()""E

✦enumerate()

✦eval()

✦exec()

✦filter()

✦float()

✦format()

✦frozenset()

✦getattr()

✦globals()

✦hasattr()

✦hash()

✦help()

✦hex()

✦id()

✦input()

✦int()

✦isinstance()

✦issubclass()

✦iter()""L

✦len()

✦list()

✦locals()

✦map()

✦max()

✦memoryview()

✦min()

✦next()

✦object()

✦oct()

✦open()

✦ord()

✦pow()

✦print()

✦property()""R

✦range()

✦repr()

✦reversed()

✦round()

✦set()

✦setattr()

✦slice()

✦sorted()

✦staticmethod()

✦str()

✦sum()

✦super()

✦tuple()

✦type()

✦V

✦vars()

✦Z

✦zip()

✦_

✦import()"

Reference

● methods

✦

● List

✦append()

✦copy()

✦clear()

✦count()

✦extend()

✦index()

✦insert()

✦pop()

✦remove()

✦reverse()

✦sort()

● tuple

✦count()

✦index()

● Set

✦add()

✦clear()

✦copy()

✦difference()

✦difference_update()

✦discard()

✦intersection()

✦intersection_update()

✦isdisjoint()

✦issubset()

✦issuperset()

✦pop()

✦remove()

✦symmetric_difference()

✦symmetric_difference_update()

✦union()

✦update()

● dictionary

✦clear()

✦copy()

✦fromkeys()

✦get()

✦items()

✦keys()

✦pop()

✦popitem()

✦setdefault()

✦update()

✦values()

● string

✦capitalize()

✦casefold()

✦center()

✦count()

✦encode()

✦endswith()

✦expandtabs()

✦find()

✦format()

✦format_map()

✦index()

✦isalnum()

✦isalpha()

✦isascii()

✦isdecimal()

✦isdigit()

✦isidentifier()

✦islower()

✦isnumeric()

✦isprintable()

✦isspace()

✦istitle()

✦isupper()

✦join()

✦ljust()

✦lower()

✦lstrip()

✦maketrans()

✦partition()

✦replace()

✦rfind()

✦rindex()

✦rjust()

✦rpartition()

✦rsplit()

✦rstrip()

✦split()

✦splitlines()

✦startswith()

✦strip()

✦swapcase()

✦title()

✦translate()

✦upper()

✦zfill()

● array

✦append()

✦buffer_info()

✦byteswap()

✦count()

✦extend()

✦frombytes()

✦fromfile()

✦fromlist()

✦fromunicode()

✦index()

✦insert()

✦pop()

✦remove()

✦clear()

✦reverse()

✦tobytes()

✦tofile()

✦tolist()

✦tounicode()

● modules

✦

● cmath

✦phase()

✦polar()

✦rect()

✦exp()

✦log()

✦log10()

✦sqrt()

✦acos()

✦asin()

✦atan()

✦cos()

✦sin()

✦tan()

✦acosh()

✦asinh()

✦atanh()

✦cosh()

✦sinh()

✦tanh()

✦isfinite()

✦isinf()

✦isnan()

✦isclose()

✦Constants

✦pi

✦e

✦tau

✦inf

✦infj

✦nan

✦nanj

● collections

✦collections intro

✦ChainMap objects

✦ChainMap

✦maps

✦new_child()

✦parents

✦ChainMap Examples and Recipes

✦Counter objects

✦Counter

✦elements()

✦most_common()

✦subtract()

✦total()

✦fromkeys()

✦update()

✦deque objects

✦deque

✦append()

✦appendleft()

✦clear()

✦copy()

✦count()

✦extend()

✦extendleft()

✦index()

✦insert()

✦pop()

✦popleft()

✦remove()

✦reverse()

✦rotate()

✦maxlen

✦deque Recipes

✦defaultdict objects

✦defaultdict

✦missing()

✦default_factory

✦defaultdict Examples

✦namedtuple() Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields

✦namedtuple()

✦_make()

✦_asdict()

✦_replace()

✦_fields

✦_field_defaults

✦OrderedDict objects

✦OrderedDict

✦popitem()

✦move_to_end()

✦OrderedDict Examples and Recipes

✦UserDict objects

✦UserDict

✦data

✦UserList objects

✦UserList

✦UserString objects

✦UserString

● math

✦comb()

✦factorial()

✦gcd()

✦isqrt()

✦lcm()

✦perm()

✦ceil()

✦fabs()

✦floor()

✦fma()

✦fmod()

✦modf()

✦remainder()

✦trunc()

✦copysign()

✦frexp()

✦isclose()

✦isfinite()

✦isinf()

✦isnan()

✦ldexp()

✦nextafter()

✦ulp()

✦cbrt()

✦exp()

✦exp2()

✦expm1()

✦log()

✦log1p()

✦log2()

✦log10()

✦pow()

✦sqrt()

✦dist()

✦fsum()

✦hypot()

✦prod()

✦sumprod()

✦degrees()

✦radians()

✦acos()

✦asin()

✦atan()

✦atan2()

✦cos()

✦sin()

✦tan()

✦acosh()

✦asinh()

✦atanh()

✦cosh()

✦sinh()

✦tanh()

✦erf()

✦erfc()

✦gamma()

✦lgamma()

✦Constants

✦pi

✦e

✦tau

✦inf

✦nan

● random

✦random — intro

✦seed()

✦getstate()

✦setstate()

✦randbytes()

✦randrange()

✦randint()

✦getrandbits()

✦choice()

✦choices()

✦shuffle()

✦sample()

✦binomialvariate()

✦random()

✦uniform()

✦triangular()

✦betavariate()

✦expovariate()

✦gammavariate()

✦gauss()

✦lognormvariate()

✦normalvariate()

✦vonmisesvariate()

✦paretovariate()

✦weibullvariate()

✦Random

✦SystemRandom

● datetime

✦MINYEAR

✦MAXYEAR

✦UTC

✦Available Types

✦Common Properties

✦Determining if an Object is Aware or Naive

✦timedelta Objects

✦timedelta

✦min

✦max

✦resolution

✦days

✦seconds

✦microseconds

✦total_seconds()

✦Examples of usage: timedelta

✦date Objects

✦date

✦today()

✦fromtimestamp()

✦fromordinal()

✦fromisoformat()

✦fromisocalendar()

✦year

✦month

✦day

✦replace()

✦timetuple()

✦toordinal()

✦weekday()

✦isoweekday()

✦isocalendar()

✦isoformat()

✦str()

✦ctime()

✦strftime()

✦format()

✦Examples of Usage: date

✦datetime Objects

✦datetime

✦now()

✦utcnow()

✦utcfromtimestamp()

✦combine()

✦strptime()

✦hour

✦minute

✦second

✦microsecond

✦tzinfo

✦fold

✦date()

✦time()

✦timetz()

✦astimezone()

✦utcoffset()

✦dst()

✦tzname()

✦utctimetuple()

✦timestamp()

✦Examples of Usage: datetime

✦time Objects

✦time

✦Examples of Usage: time

✦tzinfo Objects

✦fromutc()

✦timezone Objects

✦timezone

✦utc

✦strftime() and strptime() Behavior

✦strftime() and strptime() Format Codes

● enum

✦Data Types

✦EnumType

✦call()

✦contains()

✦dir()

✦getitem()

✦iter()

✦len()

✦members

✦reversed()

✦_add_alias_()

✦_add_value_alias_()

✦Enum

✦name

✦value

✦_name_

✦_value_

✦_order_

✦_ignore_

✦_generate_next_value_()

✦init()

✦__init_subclass__()

✦_missing_()

✦new()

✦repr()

✦str()

✦format()

✦IntEnum

✦StrEnum

✦Flag

✦or()

✦and()

✦xor()

✦_numeric_repr_()

✦IntFlag

✦ReprEnum

✦EnumCheck

✦UNIQUE

✦CONTINUOUS

✦NAMED_FLAGS

✦FlagBoundary

✦STRICT

✦CONFORM

✦EJECT

✦KEEP

✦Supported dunder names

✦Supported _sunder_ names

✦Utilities and Decorators

✦auto

✦property()

✦unique()

✦verify()

✦member()

✦nonmember()

✦global_enum()

✦show_flag_values()

● io

✦High-level Module Interface

✦DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE

✦open()

✦open_code()

✦text_encoding()

✦BlockingIOError

✦UnsupportedOperation

✦Class hierarchy

✦I/O Base Classes

✦IOBase

✦close()

✦closed

✦fileno()

✦flush()

✦isatty()

✦readable()

✦readline()

✦readlines()

✦seek()

✦seekable()

✦tell()

✦truncate()

✦writable()

✦writelines()

✦del()

✦RawIOBase

✦read()

✦readall()

✦readinto()

✦write()

✦BufferedIOBase

✦raw

✦detach()

✦read1()

✦readinto1()

✦Raw File I/O

✦FileIO

✦mode

✦name

✦Buffered Streams

✦BytesIO

✦getbuffer()

✦getvalue()

✦BufferedReader

✦peek()

✦BufferedWriter

✦BufferedRandom

✦BufferedRWPair

✦Text I/O

✦TextIOBase

✦encoding

✦errors

✦newlines

✦buffer

✦TextIOWrapper

✦line_buffering

✦write_through

✦reconfigure()

✦StringIO

✦IncrementalNewlineDecoder

✦Performance

✦Binary I/O

✦Multi-threading

✦Reentrancy

● os

✦Process Parameters

✦ctermid()

✦environ

✦environb

✦fsencode()

✦fsdecode()

✦fspath()

✦PathLike

✦fspath()

✦getenv()

✦getenvb()

✦get_exec_path()

✦getegid()

✦geteuid()

✦getgid()

✦getgrouplist()

✦getgroups()

✦getlogin()

✦getpgid()

✦getpgrp()

✦getpid()

✦getppid()

✦getpriority()

✦PRIO_PROCESS

✦PRIO_PGRP

✦PRIO_USER

✦PRIO_DARWIN_THREAD

✦PRIO_DARWIN_PROCESS

✦PRIO_DARWIN_BG

✦PRIO_DARWIN_NONUI

✦getresuid()

✦getresgid()

✦getuid()

✦initgroups()

✦putenv()

✦setegid()

✦seteuid()

✦setgid()

✦setgroups()

✦setns()

✦setpgrp()

✦setpgid()

✦setpriority()

✦setregid()

✦setresgid()

✦setresuid()

✦setreuid()

✦getsid()

✦setsid()

✦setuid()

✦strerror()

✦supports_bytes_environ

✦umask()

✦uname()

✦unsetenv()

✦unshare()

✦CLONE_FILES

✦CLONE_FS

✦CLONE_NEWCGROUP

✦CLONE_NEWIPC

✦CLONE_NEWNET

✦CLONE_NEWNS

✦CLONE_NEWPID

✦CLONE_NEWTIME

✦CLONE_NEWUSER

✦CLONE_NEWUTS

✦CLONE_SIGHAND

✦CLONE_SYSVSEM

✦CLONE_THREAD

✦CLONE_VM

✦File Object Creation

✦fdopen()

✦File Descriptor Operations

✦close()

✦closerange()

✦copy_file_range()

✦device_encoding()

✦dup()

✦dup2()

✦fchmod()

✦fchown()

✦fdatasync()

✦fpathconf()

✦fstat()

✦fstatvfs()

✦fsync()

✦ftruncate()

✦get_blocking()

✦grantpt()

✦isatty()

✦lockf()

✦F_LOCK

✦F_TLOCK

✦F_ULOCK

✦F_TEST

✦login_tty()

✦lseek()

✦SEEK_SET

✦SEEK_CUR

✦SEEK_END

✦SEEK_HOLE

✦SEEK_DATA

✦open()

✦O_RDONLY

✦O_WRONLY

✦O_RDWR

✦O_APPEND

✦O_CREAT

✦O_EXCL

✦O_TRUNC

✦O_DSYNC

✦O_RSYNC

✦O_SYNC

✦O_NDELAY

✦O_NONBLOCK

✦O_NOCTTY

✦O_CLOEXEC

✦O_BINARY

✦O_NOINHERIT

✦O_SHORT_LIVED

✦O_TEMPORARY

✦O_RANDOM

✦O_SEQUENTIAL

✦O_TEXT

✦O_EVTONLY

✦O_FSYNC

✦O_SYMLINK

✦O_NOFOLLOW_ANY

✦O_ASYNC

✦O_DIRECT

✦O_DIRECTORY

✦O_NOFOLLOW

✦O_NOATIME

✦O_PATH

✦O_TMPFILE

✦O_SHLOCK

✦O_EXLOCK

✦openpty()

✦pipe()

✦pipe2()

✦posix_fallocate()

✦posix_fadvise()

✦POSIX_FADV_NORMAL

✦POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL

✦POSIX_FADV_RANDOM

✦POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE

✦POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED

✦POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED

✦pread()

✦posix_openpt()

✦preadv()

✦RWF_NOWAIT

✦RWF_HIPRI

✦ptsname()

✦pwrite()

✦pwritev()

✦RWF_DSYNC

✦RWF_SYNC

✦RWF_APPEND

✦read()

✦sendfile()

✦SF_NODISKIO

✦SF_MNOWAIT

✦SF_SYNC

✦SF_NOCACHE

✦set_blocking()

✦splice()

✦SPLICE_F_MOVE

✦SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK

✦SPLICE_F_MORE

✦readv()

✦tcgetpgrp()

✦tcsetpgrp()

✦ttyname()

✦unlockpt()

✦write()

✦writev()

✦Querying the size of a terminal

✦get_terminal_size()

✦terminal_size

✦columns

✦lines

✦Inheritance of File Descriptors

✦get_inheritable()

✦set_inheritable()

✦get_handle_inheritable()

✦set_handle_inheritable()

✦Files and Directories

✦access()

✦F_OK

✦R_OK

✦W_OK

✦X_OK

✦chdir()

✦chflags()

✦chmod()

✦chown()

✦chroot()

✦fchdir()

✦getcwd()

✦getcwdb()

✦lchflags()

✦lchmod()

✦lchown()

✦link()

✦listdir()

✦listdrives()

✦listmounts()

✦listvolumes()

✦lstat()

✦mkdir()

✦makedirs()

✦mkfifo()

✦mknod()

✦major()

✦minor()

✦makedev()

✦pathconf()

✦pathconf_names

✦readlink()

✦remove()

✦removedirs()

✦rename()

✦renames()

✦replace()

✦rmdir()

✦scandir()

✦DirEntry

✦name

✦path

✦inode()

✦is_dir()

✦is_file()

✦is_symlink()

✦is_junction()

✦stat()

✦stat_result

✦st_mode

✦st_ino

✦st_dev

✦st_nlink

✦st_uid

✦st_gid

✦st_size

✦st_atime

✦st_mtime

✦st_ctime

✦st_atime_ns

✦st_mtime_ns

✦st_ctime_ns

✦st_birthtime

✦st_birthtime_ns

✦st_blocks

✦st_blksize

✦st_rdev

✦st_flags

✦st_gen

✦st_fstype

✦st_rsize

✦st_creator

✦st_type

✦st_file_attributes

✦st_reparse_tag

✦statvfs()

✦supports_dir_fd

✦supports_effective_ids

✦supports_fd

✦supports_follow_symlinks

✦symlink()

✦sync()

✦truncate()

✦unlink()

✦utime()

✦walk()

✦fwalk()

✦memfd_create()

✦MFD_CLOEXEC

✦MFD_ALLOW_SEALING

✦MFD_HUGETLB

✦MFD_HUGE_SHIFT

✦MFD_HUGE_MASK

✦MFD_HUGE_64KB

✦MFD_HUGE_512KB

✦MFD_HUGE_1MB

✦MFD_HUGE_2MB

✦MFD_HUGE_8MB

✦MFD_HUGE_16MB

✦MFD_HUGE_32MB

✦MFD_HUGE_256MB

✦MFD_HUGE_512MB

✦MFD_HUGE_1GB

✦MFD_HUGE_2GB

✦MFD_HUGE_16GB

✦eventfd()

✦eventfd_read()

✦eventfd_write()

✦EFD_CLOEXEC

✦EFD_NONBLOCK

✦EFD_SEMAPHORE

✦Timer File Descriptors

✦timerfd_create()

✦timerfd_settime()

✦timerfd_settime_ns()

✦timerfd_gettime()

✦timerfd_gettime_ns()

✦TFD_NONBLOCK

✦TFD_CLOEXEC

✦TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME

✦TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET

✦Linux extended attributes

✦getxattr()

✦listxattr()

✦removexattr()

✦setxattr()

✦XATTR_SIZE_MAX

✦XATTR_CREATE

✦XATTR_REPLACE

✦Process Management

✦abort()

✦add_dll_directory()

✦execl()

✦execle()

✦execlp()

✦execlpe()

✦execv()

✦execve()

✦execvp()

✦execvpe()

✦_exit()

✦EX_OK

✦EX_USAGE

✦EX_DATAERR

✦EX_NOINPUT

✦EX_NOUSER

✦EX_NOHOST

✦EX_UNAVAILABLE

✦EX_SOFTWARE

✦EX_OSERR

✦EX_OSFILE

✦EX_CANTCREAT

✦EX_IOERR

✦EX_TEMPFAIL

✦EX_PROTOCOL

✦EX_NOPERM

✦EX_CONFIG

✦EX_NOTFOUND

✦fork()

✦forkpty()

✦kill()

✦killpg()

✦nice()

✦pidfd_open()

✦PIDFD_NONBLOCK

✦plock()

✦popen()

✦posix_spawn()

✦POSIX_SPAWN_OPEN

✦POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSE

✦POSIX_SPAWN_DUP2

✦POSIX_SPAWN_CLOSEFROM

✦posix_spawnp()

✦register_at_fork()

✦spawnl()

✦spawnle()

✦spawnlp()

✦spawnlpe()

✦spawnv()

✦spawnve()

✦spawnvp()

✦spawnvpe()

✦P_NOWAIT

✦P_NOWAITO

✦P_WAIT

✦P_DETACH

✦P_OVERLAY

✦startfile()

✦system()

✦times()

✦wait()

✦waitid()

✦waitpid()

✦wait3()

✦wait4()

✦P_PID

✦P_PGID

✦P_ALL

✦P_PIDFD

✦WCONTINUED

✦WEXITED

✦WSTOPPED

✦WUNTRACED

✦WNOHANG

✦WNOWAIT

✦CLD_EXITED

✦CLD_KILLED

✦CLD_DUMPED

✦CLD_TRAPPED

✦CLD_STOPPED

✦CLD_CONTINUED

✦waitstatus_to_exitcode()

✦WCOREDUMP()

✦WIFCONTINUED()

✦WIFSTOPPED()

✦WIFSIGNALED()

✦WIFEXITED()

✦WEXITSTATUS()

✦WSTOPSIG()

✦WTERMSIG()

✦Interface to the scheduler

✦SCHED_OTHER

✦SCHED_BATCH

✦SCHED_IDLE

✦SCHED_SPORADIC

✦SCHED_FIFO

✦SCHED_RR

✦SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK

✦sched_param

✦sched_priority

✦sched_get_priority_min()

✦sched_get_priority_max()

✦sched_setscheduler()

✦sched_getscheduler()

✦sched_setparam()

✦sched_getparam()

✦sched_rr_get_interval()

✦sched_yield()

✦sched_setaffinity()

✦sched_getaffinity()

✦Miscellaneous System Information

✦confstr()

✦confstr_names

✦cpu_count()

✦getloadavg()

✦process_cpu_count()

✦sysconf()

✦sysconf_names

✦curdir

✦pardir

✦sep

✦altsep

✦extsep

✦pathsep

✦defpath

✦linesep

✦devnull

✦RTLD_LAZY

✦RTLD_NOW

✦RTLD_GLOBAL

✦RTLD_LOCAL

✦RTLD_NODELETE

✦RTLD_NOLOAD

✦RTLD_DEEPBIND

✦Random numbers

✦getrandom()

✦urandom()

✦GRND_NONBLOCK

✦GRND_RANDOM

● os.path

✦os.path — Common pathname manipulations

✦abspath()

✦basename()

✦commonpath()

✦commonprefix()

✦dirname()

✦exists()

✦lexists()

✦expanduser()

✦expandvars()

✦getatime()

✦getmtime()

✦getctime()

✦getsize()

✦isabs()

✦isfile()

✦isdir()

✦isjunction()

✦islink()

✦ismount()

✦isdevdrive()

✦isreserved()

✦join()

✦normcase()

✦normpath()

✦realpath()

✦relpath()

✦samefile()

✦sameopenfile()

✦samestat()

✦split()

✦splitdrive()

✦splitroot()

✦splitext()

✦supports_unicode_filenames

✦Previous topic

● statistics

✦Function details

✦mean()

✦fmean()

✦geometric_mean()

✦harmonic_mean()

✦kde()

✦kde_random()

✦median()

✦median_low()

✦median_high()

✦median_grouped()

✦mode()

✦multimode()

✦pstdev()

✦pvariance()

✦stdev()

✦variance()

✦quantiles()

✦covariance()

✦correlation()

✦linear_regression()

✦Exceptions

✦StatisticsError

✦NormalDist objects

✦NormalDist

✦mean

✦median

✦mode

✦stdev

✦variance

✦from_samples()

✦samples()

✦pdf()

✦cdf()

✦inv_cdf()

✦overlap()

✦zscore()

● threading

✦threading — Thread-based parallelism

✦active_count()

✦current_thread()

✦excepthook()

✦excepthook

✦get_ident()

✦get_native_id()

✦enumerate()

✦main_thread()

✦settrace()

✦settrace_all_threads()

✦gettrace()

✦setprofile()

✦setprofile_all_threads()

✦getprofile()

✦stack_size()

✦TIMEOUT_MAX

✦Thread-Local Data

✦local

✦Thread Objects

✦Thread

✦start()

✦run()

✦join()

✦name

✦getName()

✦setName()

✦ident

✦native_id

✦is_alive()

✦daemon

✦isDaemon()

✦setDaemon()

✦Lock Objects

✦Lock

✦acquire()

✦release()

✦locked()

✦RLock Objects

✦RLock

✦Condition Objects

✦Condition

✦wait()

✦wait_for()

✦notify()

✦notify_all()

✦Semaphore Objects

✦Semaphore

✦BoundedSemaphore

✦Semaphore Example

✦Event Objects

✦Event

✦is_set()

✦set()

✦clear()

✦Timer Objects

✦Timer

✦cancel()

✦Barrier Objects

✦Barrier

✦reset()

✦abort()

✦parties

✦n_waiting

✦broken

✦BrokenBarrierError

● regex

✦Flags

✦RegexFlag

✦A

✦ASCII

✦DEBUG

✦I

✦IGNORECASE

✦L

✦LOCALE

✦M

✦MULTILINE

✦NOFLAG

✦S

✦DOTALL

✦U

✦UNICODE

✦X

✦VERBOSE

✦Functions

✦compile()

✦search()

✦match()

✦fullmatch()

✦split()

✦findall()

✦finditer()

✦sub()

✦subn()

✦escape()

✦purge()

✦Exceptions

✦PatternError

✦msg

✦pattern

✦pos

✦lineno

✦colno

✦Regular Expression Objects

✦Pattern

✦flags

✦groups

✦groupindex

✦Match Objects

✦Match

✦expand()

✦group()

✦getitem()

✦groups()

✦groupdict()

✦start()

✦end()

✦span()

✦endpos

✦lastindex

✦lastgroup

✦re

✦string

Python Operators → Operators precedence

list of Python operators in the order of their precedence from highest to lowest:

() Parentheses (highest precedence)

x[index], x[index:index] Subscription, slicing

await x Await expression

** Exponentiation

+x, -x, ~x Positive, negative, bitwise NOT

*, @, /, //, % Multiplication, matrix multiplication, division, floor division, modulus

+, - Addition and subtraction

<<, >> Bitwise shifts

& Bitwise AND

^ Bitwise XOR

| Bitwise OR

in, not in, is, is not, <, <=, >, >=, !=, == Comparisons, membership tests, identity tests

not x Boolean NOT

and Boolean AND

or Boolean OR

if-else Conditional expression

lambda Lambda expression

:= Assignment expression (walrus operator) (lowest precedence)

Please note that operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with lower precedence. Operators with the same precedence level are evaluated based on their associativity.

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